{"id":15133,"date":"2022-05-31T17:30:02","date_gmt":"2022-05-31T14:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/?p=15133"},"modified":"2022-06-01T12:13:50","modified_gmt":"2022-06-01T09:13:50","slug":"the-lord-of-the-rings-saturn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/the-lord-of-the-rings-saturn\/","title":{"rendered":"The Lord of the rings &#8211; Saturn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Saturn<\/strong> is the sixth planet from the sun and the second<a href=\"https:\/\/www.space.com\/48-saturn-the-solar-systems-major-ring-bearer.html\">&#8211;<\/a>largest planet in the solar system. It is a gas giant with dozens of moons orbiting him. The planet&#8217;s most outstanding feature \u2014the rings \u2014 can be viewed through a telescope. Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune \u2014 \u00a0also have rings, but Saturn&#8217;s are really consistent and thick.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ad-unit-1\" class=\"ad-unit\">General characteristics<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>The planet is made mostly of <strong>hydrogen <\/strong><strong>and helium<\/strong>. Its core consists of metals like iron and nickel surrounded by rocky material and other compounds solidified by intense pressure and heat. Saturn is the only planet in our solar system with an average density that is less than water. The pale yellow color that we can see through photos, is due to ammonia crystals in its upper atmosphere.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Saturn&#8217;s rings are mostly structured by ice particles, some rocky debris, and dust. <strong>83 moon<\/strong>s are known to orbit Saturn and this number doesn&#8217;t refer to the hundreds of moonlets in its rings. His larger moon is Titan, which is also the second-largest in the Solar System.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15134\" style=\"width: 481px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15134\" class=\"wp-image-15134 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Saturn-300x169.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"471\" height=\"265\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Saturn-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Saturn.webp 690w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 471px) 100vw, 471px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 471px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 471\/265;\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credits: NASA\/JPL<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>The Rings of Saturn<\/h2>\n<p>Small sized comets, asteroids, or shattered moons, create the gigantic rings of the planet. <strong>These moons were destroyed<\/strong> by Saturn&#8217;s powerful gravity. This distruction created the main raw material that later on became its rings.<\/p>\n<p>They are made of billions of small chunks of ice and rock coated with other materials such as dust. Saturn&#8217;s ring system extends up to 175,000 miles (282,000 kilometers) from the planet and the vertical height is typically about 30 feet <strong>(10 meters)<\/strong> in the main rings.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-15154 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rings-300x138.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"561\" height=\"258\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rings-300x138.webp 300w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rings-768x354.webp 768w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/rings.webp 975w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 561px) 100vw, 561px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 561px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 561\/258;\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\"><strong><span class=\"s2\">The main structures in Saturn&#8217;s rings are:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">D, C and B rings<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Cassini Division<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">A ring<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Roche Division<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">F ring<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Janus\/Epimetheus ring<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">G ring<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Methone and Anthe ring arcs<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Pallene ring<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">E ring<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s2\">Phoebe ring<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"s2\">Many of these have their own moonlets within. <\/span>Particles travel around Saturn. While they orbit the planet, there are many collisions between them. Any particles that are in inclined orbits have a higher probability of colliding with other members, and over time they will be eliminated.<\/p>\n<p>Starting at Saturn and moving outward, there is the D ring, C ring, B ring, Cassini Division, A ring, F ring, G ring, and finally, the E ring. Much farther out, there is the very faint Phoebe ring in the orbit of Saturn&#8217;s moon Phoebe.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15152\" style=\"width: 511px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15152\" class=\"wp-image-15152 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/keelergap-300x169.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"501\" height=\"282\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/keelergap-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/keelergap-768x433.webp 768w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/keelergap.webp 940w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 501px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 501\/282;\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15152\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Cassini captured this image of the moon Daphnis orbiting within the 42km Keeler Gap. The waves in the edges of the gap are caused by the moon\u2019s gravitational pull. Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/Space Science Institute<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<div>\n<p id=\"B9780124158450000414-p0060\">Saturn&#8217;s rings are the<strong> most massive and the most diverse<\/strong> of the known ring systems. There are two apparent rings which are separated by what is now called the<strong> Cassini Division, <\/strong>measuring 2,920 miles (4,700 kilometers) in width. The main rings are A, B, and C. Rings D, E, F, and G are fainter and more recently discovered.<\/p>\n<p>The latter is practically the disk with more moderate surface density. Subsequent observations from ground-based telescopes and spacecraft have revealed that these rings consist of water-ice-rich particles millimeters to meters wide.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15135\" style=\"width: 535px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15135\" class=\"wp-image-15135 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/casini-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/casini-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/casini-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/casini-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/casini-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/casini.jpg 1800w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 525px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 525\/296;\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15135\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>This Cassini image from 2012 shows Titan and its host planet Saturn. Image Credit: NASA\/JPL-Caltech\/SSI<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The<strong>\u00a0Roche limit<\/strong>, the minimum safe distance for a moon\u2019s orbit, is approximately 2.5 times the planet\u2019s radius from the planet\u2019s center.<\/p>\n<p>Saturn&#8217;s giant core, spanning up to 60 percent of the planet\u2019s width. Subtle waves in Saturn\u2019s rings, provide scientists with numerous details about its core.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s huge,\u201d says\u00a0Chris Mankovich\u00a0of the California Institute of Technology, one of the authors of\u00a0a new study describing Saturn\u2019s core in the journal\u00a0<i>Nature Astronomy<\/i>. \u201cIt\u2019s definitely not something we expected to find.\u201d<\/p>\n<h6><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/287560\/original\/file-20190809-144873-yojp3b.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><br \/>\n<em><strong><span class=\"caption\">NASA\u2019s Cassini spacecraft about to make one of its dives between Saturn and its innermost rings as part of the mission\u2019s grand finale.<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"attribution\">NASA\/JPL-Caltech<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n<p>Studies of Saturn\u2019s rings have detected waves driven by pulsation modes within the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-021-01448-3.epdf?sharing_token=dzR8m4RWqxfE4GmIuKjB9tRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0O35L3XxGO6bJuj9Ery_nOVnQCoOy01PXs3aeaafVaQHhwsynCoBMx1SvkQwCzHlIW0ogmUFof3nPgL0zgiYedkhh_QGTlvfcqV6m-1xNWlv5pZxVspN7289mUTyU457HPoJ53boWvV5-BwikzJIZG7Az2RY8s2Cj6wxKy30WeDzd4Hw_pQwEApw_oDGmA4kCc%3D&amp;tracking_referrer=www.nationalgeographic.com\"> planet<\/a>, offering independent seismic probes of Saturn\u2019s interior. The observations reveal gravity-mode pulsations, which indicate that part of Saturn\u2019s deep interior is stable against convection.<\/p>\n<p>Hidden inside the solar system\u2019s god of plenty is an unexpected bounty: Saturn\u2019s mammoth core, spanning up to 60 percent of the planet\u2019s width. The newly measured core, revealed through subtle waves in Saturn\u2019s rings, appears to be ice, rock, and gas, blended into a soupy mass with blurry edges.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s huge,\u201d says\u00a0Chris Mankovich\u00a0of the California Institute of Technology, one of the authors of\u00a0a new study describing Saturn\u2019s core in the journal\u00a0<i>Nature Astronomy<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41550-021-01448-3.epdf?sharing_token=ipHUy90h2v1XHJ5sI8bgJNRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0O35L3XxGO6bJuj9Ery_nOVnQCoOy01PXs3aeaafVaQHhwsynCoBMx1SvkQwCzHlIW0ogmUFof3nPgL0zgiYedkhh_QGTlvfcqV6m-1xNWlv5pZxVspN7289mUTyU457HPoJ53boWvV5-BwikzJIZG7NJiolcu8z9h2qGNasFETEoK6gzpH0gi3FL1BnBgiA9M%3D&amp;tracking_referrer=www.nationalgeographic.com\">here<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_15137\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-15137\" class=\"wp-image-15137 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/cores-1-288x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"521\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/cores-1-288x300.png 288w, https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/cores-1.png 691w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 500px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 500\/521;\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-15137\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Relationship between ice to rock mass fraction, f_ice, and predicted central heavy element mass fraction (ice plus rock), Zin.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s definitely not something we expected to find. It\u2019s just more complex than we thought was going to be the case,\u201d says Johns Hopkins University\u2019s Sabine Stanley.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/science\/article\/ripples-in-saturns-rings-reveal-the-planets-giant-slushy-core\">Scientists<\/a> turned to the planet\u2019s rings, which act like a seismograph and record the gas giant\u2019s internal sloshing and pulsing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"1\">\n<div class=\"ad-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-article_dynamic\">\u201cIt\u2019s really hard to learn anything about the deepest parts of a planet, especially the giant planets,\u201d Stanley says. \u201cAny information we can get improves what we knew before.\u201d<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-article_dynamic\"><\/div>\n<h3 data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-article_dynamic\"><strong>Sources:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-article_dynamic\">space.com<\/div>\n<div data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-article_dynamic\">solarsystem.nasa.gov<\/div>\n<div data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-article_dynamic\">sciencedirect.com<\/div>\n<div data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-article_dynamic\">nature.com<\/div>\n<div data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-article_dynamic\">nationalgeographic.com<\/div>\n<div data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-article_dynamic\">skyatnightmagazine.com<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun and the second&#8211;largest planet in the solar system. It is a gas giant with dozens of moons orbiting him. The planet&#8217;s most outstanding feature \u2014the rings \u2014 can be viewed through a telescope. Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune \u2014 \u00a0also have rings, but Saturn&#8217;s are really consistent and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":235,"featured_media":15140,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[3052,3053,1948,165,3050,1946,161,1206],"yst_prominent_words":[],"class_list":["post-15133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science","tag-asteroids","tag-comets","tag-core","tag-moon","tag-orbit","tag-rings","tag-saturn","tag-space"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/235"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15133"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15156,"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15133\/revisions\/15156"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15133"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mozartcultures.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=15133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}